He was professor of International Economic Politics and International Relations at the Faculty of Political Science at the LUISS-Guido Carli University. Before he taught at the University of Florence, the Institut d’Etudes Politiques in Paris and at the universities of Princeton and San Francisco. He was Head of Division at the OECD in Paris. He has served as consultant in over 50 countries, to both international organizations and Italian and foreign companies. He is editor of The European Journal of International Affairs.